![]() ![]() ![]() In the short term, estimating the number of HARIs per year in each country can help identify funding priorities, as well as inform antibiotic research and development priorities. While 109 countries and 2 territories were enrolled in GLASS-AMR and 99 countries and territories provided information on the status of AMR surveillance implementation, there was no evidence for an increase in global testing coverage. Notably, the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and use Surveillance System (GLASS) has attempted to monitor AMR in common bacteria as well as documenting human antibiotic consumption. Long-term investments in improving surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will involve strengthening laboratory capacity and training human resources including laboratory personnel, a process that could take years, if not decades. Nevertheless, in many LMICs, national surveillance systems for HARIs are nascent or entirely absent. As such, they are disproportionately affected by hospital-associated drug-resistant infections (HARIs) or hospital-diagnosed infections within individuals in a hospital setting that were resistant infections. Resource poor settings, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), have poor antimicrobial stewardship and limited microbiology diagnostic capacities. For example, β-lactam resistance in bacteria such as Escherichia coli has been documented over the past 2 decades. Many HAIs caused by common bacterial pathogens are no longer treatable with affordable first-line antibiotics, such as penicillins and cephalosporins. Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality, in particular among vulnerable patients. Multivariate imputation by chained equation PPS, Hospital-associated drug-resistant infection LMIC, Global Antimicrobial Resistance and use Surveillance System HAI, The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Īnatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System CrI, TPVB was supported by the Branco Weiss Foundation and the Eccellenza Program from the Swiss National Science Foundation (181248) ( ). įunding: RB and RL received support from NSF grant CCF-1918628 to the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy ( ), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention IPA (21IPA2113462) ( ), and the BIll and Melinda Gates Foundation grant OPP1190803. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Repository for data and R scripts used to generate estimates reported in this study can be found here. ![]() Received: JAccepted: JanuPublished: June 13, 2023Ĭopyright: © 2023 Balasubramanian et al. Citation: Balasubramanian R, Van Boeckel TP, Carmeli Y, Cosgrove S, Laxminarayan R (2023) Global incidence in hospital-associated infections resistant to antibiotics: An analysis of point prevalence surveys from 99 countries. ![]()
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